SENARAI SUBTOPIK DI BAWAH ADALAH HASIL PENGAMATAN SAYA BERDASARKAN SOALAN-SOALAN SPM YANG LEPAS.SENARAI DI BAWAH PERLU DIBERI PENEKANAN KERANA KEMUNGKINAN BESAR AKAN KELUAR DALAM SPM TAHUN INI.
VERNIER CALLIPER/MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE
-PARTS/FUNCTION/ACCURACY/SENSITIVITY/READINGS/POSITIVE & NEGATIVE ZERO ERROR/PARALLAX ERROR/ACTUAL READING
THERMOMETER
-SI UNIT(KELVIN)/PARTS/CALIBRATION/HOW TO INCREASE SENSITIVITY/UPPER FIX POINT AND LOWER FIX POINT/CALCULATE TEMPERATURE OF A SUBSTANCE
INERTIA
-RELATE INERTIA & MASS/1ST NEWTON’S LAW/EXP:MASS VS PERIOD OF OSCILLATION(PENDULUM/G-CLAMP &SAW BLADE)
MOMENTUM
P=MASS X VELOCITY/PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM/ELASTIC/INELASTIC/EXPLOSION
SAFETY FEATURES IN VEHICLES
RESULTANT FORCE
F=ma/NEWTON’S 2ND LAW/PARALLELOGRAM METHOD/FRICTION FORCE/NETT FORCE/ CALCULATE ACCELERATION
PROBLEM;PULLEY SYSTEM/LOAD/
EXP:ACCELERATION VS MASS/FORCE/HIGH OF RUNWAY
PRESSURE
PRESSURE IN LIQUID(P=ρgh)/ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE/BAROMETER(PRESSURE IN cm Hg AND PASCAL(Pa)/U-TUBE MANOMETER(PRESSURE OF GAS)/
BERNOULLI’S PRINCPLE- PRESSURE AND VELOCITY/AEROFOIL(LABEL)/(WING OF AEROPLANE)LIFTING FORCE/BUNSEN BURNER(WORKING PRINCIPLE)VENTULAR TUBE
EXP: PRESSURE IN LIQUID VS DEPTH(BY USING U-TUBE MANOMETER OR CYLINDER WITH HOLES)
HEAT
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT OF FUSION/VAPOURISATION(Q=ML)
HEATING CURVE/COOLING CURVE(EXPLANATION)
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY (Q=MCθ)
CALCULATION
ASSUMPTION: NO HEAT LOSS TO SURROUNDING
COOKING UTENSIL/REFRIGERATOR
EXP: 1)INCREASE OF TEMPERATURE VS AMOUNT OF LIQUID/TIME
2)PRESSURE LAW- PRESSURE VS TEMPERATURE(GRAPH)
3)CHARLES LAW – VOLUME VS TEMPERATURE (GRAPH)
LIGHT
REFLECTION- CONDITION/PLANE MIRROR/IMAGE= SAME SIZE/DISTANCE/ETC
CURVE MIRROR-CONCAVE(6 DIAGRAM)/CONVEX(1 DIAGRAM)
REFRACTION
-IMAGE IS DISPLACED FROM INITIAL LOCATION
-DEFINITION/SNELL’S LAW/LESS DENSE TO DENSER MED(TOWARDS NORMAL)/
DENSER TO LESS DENSE MED(AWAY NORMAL)/INCIDENT ANGLE> CRITICAL ANGLE(TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION)
REFRACTIVE INDEX, n=sin i/sin r n=1/sin c
LENS
CONVEX LENS (6 DIAGRAM)/CONCAVE LENS (1 DIAGRAM)
POWER OF LENS DEPEND ON FOCAL LENGTH/THICKNESS OF LENS
MAGNIFICATION, M= V/U V= IMAGE DISTANCE/HEIGHT
U= OBJECT DISTANCE/HEIGHT
OPTICAL FIBER/MICROSCOPE
EXP; INCIDENT ANGLE, REFRACTION ANGLE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX(sin i vs sin r)
WAVES
INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT/WATER WAVE/ SOUND WAVE
CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE- ANTINODE/ANTINODAL LINE/BRIGHT FRINGE/LOUD SOUND
DESTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE- NODE/NODAL LINE/DARK FRINGE/SOFT SOUND
MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT- 1 COLOUR/SAME WAVELENGHT
2 COHERENT SOURCES- SAME PHASE/WAVELENGTH
DIFFRACTION-BEND OF WAVE WHEN PASS THROUGH
ELECTRICITY
EFFECT OF RESISTANCE(R VS LENGTH OF WIRE/CROSS-SECTION AREA/
COMPARING READING OF VOLTMETER/AMMETER
EMF AND INTERNAL RESISTANCE(GRAPH)
PARALLEL CIRCUIT AND SERIES CIRCUIT(COMPARE ADVANTAGE & DISANDVANTAGE)
KETLE/
EXP; 1) R VS LENGTH OF WIRE/ CROSS-SECTION AREA
2)EMF VS CURRENT
ELECTROMAGNETISM
-TRANSFORMER-STEP UP/DOWN
-RATIO/CONSTRUCT TRANSFORMER(USE LAMINATED SOFT IRON CORE/ DLL)
-FACTOR OF STRENGHT OF E/MAGNET-CURRENT/MAGNET/POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE/NUMBER OF TURN OF COIL,
EFFICIENCY OF TRANSFORMER
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION-GENERATOR
-DETERMINE DIRECTION OF CURRENT(USE FLEMMING’S RIGHT HAND)
ELECTRONICS
-CATHODE RAY OSCILOSCOPE-PARTS AND FUNCTION
-THERMIONIC EMISSION./CHARACTERISTIC OF CATHODE RAY
SEMICONDUCTOR
-PURE SEMICONDUCTOR-DOPING PROCESS TO INCREASE CONDUCTIVITY
DOPE WITH TRIVALENT ATOM (3 ELECTRON)-EXTRA HOLE-MAJOR CARRIER (HOLES) /MINOR CARRIER(ELECTRON)-POSITIVELY CHARGE-P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR
DOPE WITH PENTAVALENT (5 ELECTRON)-EXTRA FREE ELECTRON-MAJOR CARRIER (ELECTRON)-MINOR CARRIER (HOLES)-NEGATIVELY CHARGE- N-TYPE SEMICONDUCTOR.
DIODE
-FUNCTION
-FORWARD BIAS/REVERSE BIAS/ VOLTAGE JUNCTION/DEPLETION LAYER
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER/FULL WAVE RECTIFIER (EXPLANATION & GRAPH)
CAPACITOR-FUNCTION
TRANSISTOR
-NPN/PNP-FUNCTION/SYMBOL
LDR-DARK-HIGH RESISTANCE/BRIGHT- LOW RESISTANCE
THERMISTER-HOT- LOW RESISTANCE/COLD-HIGH RESISTANCE
DIAGRAM-MODIFICATION
LOGIC GATE
AND/OR/NOT/NAND/NOR
RADIOACTIVITY
-EQUATION-FISSION REACTION/FUSION REACTION-KIRA NUKLEON & PROTON
-RADIOISOTOPE-DEFINITION
-CHARACTERISTIC OF ALPHA/BETA/GAMMA RAY
-DEFLECTION OF ALPHA/BETA/GAMMA RAY IN MAGNETIC/ELECTRIC FIELD
NUCLEAR REACTOR
-PARTS AND FUNCTION
-CONSTRUCTION/SAFETY FEATURES
